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thermal throttling on P4
Julian,
I have managed to reproduce Peter's throttling result in another code
that you can make work under windows. First, you will have to install
cygwin on the windows box (be sure to get gcc & g77). Then install the
ATLAS developer version, available from:
http://www.netlib.org/atlas/developer/atlas3.3.0.tgz
Here's some windows directions you'll need (taken from the errata file);
in your case, go ahead and use g77 as your Fortran compiler:
o Run config as normal to create your Make.ARCH (Win2K user's should tell
config they have WinNT)
o Edit your Make.ARCH, and change your TOPdir directory to be fully qualified
with drive letter. For instance, I changed:
TOPdir = /home/rwhaley/ATLAS
to:
TOPdir = /cygdrive/e/cygwin/home/rwhaley/ATLAS
o Install as usual
*After* the install completes, write the file below to
ATLAS/tune/blas/gemm/fc.c
and in your ATLAS/tune/blas/gemm/<arch> directory, issue this command:
make ummcase pre=s mmrout=../CASES/ATL_gemm_SSE.c moves="" nb=72
This code should start out getting something like 3.9Gflop, but after 3min
or so, it will begin to drop, eventually bottoming out at 2.3Gflop. This
is more like 60% than 50%, but I guess we can't stress the unit to make the
throttling max out, assuming that this drop is indeed throttling (I still
have made no effort to rule out memory problems, etc). I think it probably
is throttling, and I guess your software should provide the answer . . .
Cheers,
Clint
*******************************************************************************
* cut after *** line below for ATLAS/tune/blas/gemm/fc.c *
*******************************************************************************
/*
* Automatically Tuned Linear Algebra Software v3.3.0Dev
**************** THIS IS AN UNSUPPORTED DEVELOPER RELEASE *****************
* (C) Copyright 1997 R. Clint Whaley
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions, and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. The name of the University of Tennessee, the ATLAS group,
* or the names of its contributers may not be used to endorse
* or promote products derived from this software without specific
* written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
* ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
* TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
* PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE UNIVERSITY OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
* LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <string.h>
#define dumb_seed(iseed_) srand(iseed_)
#ifndef RAND_MAX /* rather dangerous non-ansi workaround */
#define RAND_MAX ((unsigned long)(1<<30))
#endif
#define dumb_rand() ( 0.5 - ((double)rand())/((double)RAND_MAX) )
#if defined(WALL) || defined(PentiumCPS)
#define time00 ATL_walltime
#else
#define time00 ATL_cputime
#endif
#define SAFE_ALPHA -3
#ifndef REPS
#define REPS 1500
#endif
#ifndef L2SIZE
#define L2SIZE 4194304
#endif
#define Mjoin(pre, nam) my_join(pre, nam)
#define my_join(pre, nam) pre ## nam
#define Mjoin(pre, nam) my_join(pre, nam)
#define my_join(pre, nam) pre ## nam
#define Mstr2(m) # m
#define Mstr(m) Mstr2(m)
#define Mmin(x, y) ( (x) > (y) ? (y) : (x) )
#ifdef FULLMM
#define LANG 'M'
#elif !defined(LangF77)
#define LANG 'C'
#else
#define LANG 'F'
#endif
#if defined(sREAL)
#include "atlas_ssysinfo.h"
#define PRE 's'
#define pre s
#define TYPE float
#define SCALAR float
#define ATL_sizeof sizeof(TYPE)
#define TREAL
#define SHIFT
#define EPS 1.0e-7
#elif defined(dREAL)
#include "atlas_dsysinfo.h"
#define PRE 'd'
#define pre d
#define TYPE double
#define SCALAR double
#define ATL_sizeof sizeof(TYPE)
#define TREAL
#define SHIFT
#define EPS 1.0e-16
#elif defined (qREAL)
#include "atlas_qsysinfo.h"
#define PRE 'q'
#define pre q
#define TYPE long double
#define SCALAR long double
#define ATL_sizeof sizeof(TYPE)
#define TREAL
#define SHIFT
#elif defined(sCPLX) || defined(cCPLX) || defined(cREAL)
#include "atlas_csysinfo.h"
#define PRE 'c'
#define pre c
#define TYPE float
#define ATL_sizeof (sizeof(TYPE)<<1)
#define SCALAR float *
#define TCPLX
#define SHIFT <<1
#define EPS 1.0e-7
#else
#include "atlas_zsysinfo.h"
#define PRE 'z'
#define pre z
#define TYPE double
#define ATL_sizeof (sizeof(TYPE)<<1)
#define SCALAR double*
#define TCPLX
#define SHIFT <<1
#define EPS 1.0e-16
#endif
#ifdef TCPLX
#define bn1 bX /* don't use bn1 case anymore */
#endif
#define Mabs(x) ( (x) < 0 ? (x) * -1 : (x) )
#ifndef MB
#define MB NB
#endif
#ifndef KB
#define KB NB
#endif
#ifndef csA
#define csA 2
#endif
#ifndef csB
#define csB 2
#endif
#if defined(tranAt) || defined(tranAT)
#define TransA
#elif defined(tranAc) || defined(tranAC)
#define ConjTransA
#else
#define NoTransA
#endif
#if defined(tranBt) || defined(tranBT)
#define TransB
#elif defined(tranBc) || defined(tranBC)
#define ConjTransB
#else
#define NoTransB
#endif
#ifdef NoTransA
#define Ma MB
#define Na KB
#else
#define Ma KB
#define Na MB
#endif
#ifdef NoTransB
#define Mb KB
#define Nb NB
#else
#define Mb NB
#define Nb KB
#endif
#ifdef IJK
#undef IJK
#define LOOPO IJK
#else
#undef JIK
#define LOOPO JIK
#endif
#ifdef LDA2
#if (LDA2 <= 0)
#undef LDA2
#endif
#endif
#ifdef LDB2
#if (LDB2 <= 0)
#undef LDB2
#endif
#endif
#ifdef LDC2
#if (LDC2 <= 0)
#undef LDC2
#endif
#endif
#ifdef TransA
#define TA T
#ifndef LDA2
#define LDA2 KB
#endif
#elif defined(ConjTransA)
#define TA C
#ifndef LDA2
#define LDA2 KB
#endif
#else
#define TA N
#ifndef LDA2
#define LDA2 MB
#endif
#endif
#ifdef TransB
#define TB T
#ifndef LDB2
#define LDB2 NB
#endif
#elif defined(ConjTransB)
#define TB C
#ifndef LDB2
#define LDB2 NB
#endif
#else
#define TB N
#ifndef LDB2
#define LDB2 KB
#endif
#endif
#ifndef LDC2
#define LDC2 MB
#endif
#if (ALPHA == 1)
#define ALPHAnam _a1
#elif (ALPHA == -1)
#define ALPHAnam _an1
#elif (ALPHA == SAFE_ALPHA)
#define ALPHAnam _aXX
#else
#define ALPHAnam _aX
#endif
#if (BETA == 1)
#define BETAnam _b1
#define NBETAnam _bn1
#elif (BETA == 0)
#define BETAnam _b0
#define NBETAnam _b0
#elif (BETA == -1)
#define BETAnam _bn1
#define NBETAnam _b1
#else
#define BETAnam _bX
#define NBETAnam _bX
#endif
#define ppre Mjoin(Mjoin(ATL_,pre),LOOPO)
#define MNKnam Mjoin(Mjoin(Mjoin(Mjoin(MB0,x),NB0),x),KB0)
#define TRnam Mjoin(TA, TB)
#define ldnam Mjoin(Mjoin(Mjoin(Mjoin(LDA,x),LDB),x),LDC)
#ifdef TREAL
#define NBmm Mjoin(Mjoin(Mjoin(Mjoin(Mjoin(ppre,MNKnam), TRnam),ldnam), ALPHAnam), BETAnam)
void NBmm(const int, const int, const int, const SCALAR, const TYPE*,
const int, const TYPE*, const int, const SCALAR, TYPE*, const int);
#else
#define NBmm0 Mjoin(Mjoin(Mjoin(Mjoin(ppre,MNKnam), TRnam),ldnam), ALPHAnam)
#define _bn1 _bX
void Mjoin(NBmm0,BETAnam)(const int, const int, const int, const TYPE,
const TYPE*, const int, const TYPE*, const int,
const TYPE, TYPE*, const int);
void Mjoin(NBmm0,_bn1)(const int, const int, const int, const TYPE,
const TYPE*, const int, const TYPE*, const int,
const TYPE, TYPE*, const int);
void Mjoin(NBmm0,_b1)(const int, const int, const int, const TYPE,
const TYPE*, const int, const TYPE*, const int,
const TYPE, TYPE*, const int);
#if csA == 1 && csB == 1
#if csC == 2
#define NBmm(m_, n_, k_, alp_, a_, lda_, b_, ldb_, bet_, c_, ldc_) \
{ \
Mjoin(NBmm0,NBETAnam)(m_, n_, k_, *(alp_), (a_), lda_, (b_), \
ldb_, -(*(bet_)), c_, ldc_); \
Mjoin(NBmm0,BETAnam)(m_, n_, k_, *(alp_), a_, lda_, (b_)+incb, ldb_, \
*(bet_), (c_)+1, ldc_); \
Mjoin(NBmm0,_bn1)(m_, n_, k_, *(alp_), (a_)+inca, lda_, (b_)+incb, \
ldb_, rnone, c_, ldc_); \
Mjoin(NBmm0,_b1)(m_, n_, k_, *(alp_), (a_)+inca, lda_, (b_), ldb_, \
rone, (c_)+1, ldc_); \
}
#elif csC == 1
#define NBmm(m_, n_, k_, alp_, a_, lda_, b_, ldb_, bet_, c_, ldc_) \
{ \
Mjoin(NBmm0,NBETAnam)(m_, n_, k_, *(alp_), (a_), lda_, (b_), \
ldb_, -(*(bet_)), c_, ldc_); \
Mjoin(NBmm0,BETAnam)(m_, n_, k_, *(alp_), a_, lda_, (b_)+incb, ldb_, \
*(bet_), (c_)+incc, ldc_); \
Mjoin(NBmm0,_bn1)(m_, n_, k_, *(alp_), (a_)+inca, lda_, (b_)+incb, \
ldb_, rnone, c_, ldc_); \
Mjoin(NBmm0,_b1)(m_, n_, k_, *(alp_), (a_)+inca, lda_, (b_), ldb_, \
rone, (c_)+incc, ldc_); \
}
#endif
#else /* csA == 2 && csB == 2 && csC == 2 */
#define NBmm(m_, n_, k_, alp_, a_, lda_, b_, ldb_, bet_, c_, ldc_) \
{ \
Mjoin(NBmm0,NBETAnam)(m_, n_, k_, *(alp_), (a_)+1, lda_, (b_)+1, ldb_, \
-(*(bet_)), c_, ldc_); \
Mjoin(NBmm0,BETAnam)(m_, n_, k_, *(alp_), (a_)+1, lda_, b_, ldb_, \
*(bet_), (c_)+1, ldc_); \
Mjoin(NBmm0,_bn1)(m_, n_, k_, *(alp_), a_, lda_, b_, ldb_, \
rnone, c_, ldc_); \
Mjoin(NBmm0,_b1)(m_, n_, k_, *(alp_), a_, lda_, (b_)+1, ldb_, \
rone, (c_)+1, ldc_); \
}
#endif
#if 0
#undef NBmm
#define NBmm(m_, n_, k_, alp_, a_, lda_, b_, ldb_, bet_, c_, ldc_) \
{ \
zgemm_("T", "N", &(m_), &(n_), &(k_), alp_, a_, &(lda_), b_, \
&(ldb_), bet_, c_, &(ldc_)); \
}
#endif
#endif
void time_mm(char *fnam0)
{
char fnam[80];
#if defined(LDA) && LDA != 0
const int lda=LDA;
#else
const int lda=LDA2;
#endif
#if defined(LDB) && LDB != 0
const int ldb=LDB;
#else
const int ldb=LDB2;
#endif
#if defined(LDC) && LDC != 0
const int ldc=LDC;
#else
const int ldc=LDC2;
#endif
int nA, nB;
int i, j, k, reps, len;
int incA, incB, incC, nmov;
double t0, t1, mflop;
void *va=NULL, *vb=NULL, *vc=NULL, *vp=NULL;
TYPE *A, *B, *C, *a, *b, *c, *stA, *stB, *stC;
#ifdef TCPLX
int inca, incb, incc;
const TYPE one=1.0, none=(-1.0);
#if (ALPHA == 1)
TYPE alpha[2] = {1.0, 0.0};
#elif (ALPHA == -1)
TYPE alpha[2] = {-1.0, 0.0};
#else
TYPE alpha[2] = {2.3, 0.0};
#endif
#if (BETA == 1)
TYPE beta[2] = {1.0, 0.0};
#elif (BETA == -1)
TYPE beta[2] = {-1.0, 0.0};
#elif (BETA == 0)
TYPE beta[2] = {0.0, 0.0};
#else
TYPE beta[2] = {1.3, 0.0};
#endif
#else
#ifdef ALPHA
TYPE alpha=ALPHA;
#else
TYPE alpha=1.0;
#endif
#ifdef BETA
TYPE beta=BETA;
#else
TYPE beta=1.0;
#endif
#endif
const TYPE rone=1.0, rnone=(-1.0);
FILE *fpout;
double time00();
#ifdef NoTransA
nA = KB;
#else
nA = MB;
#endif
#ifdef NoTransB
nB = NB;
#else
nB = KB;
#endif
#ifdef ATL_nkflop
#ifdef TCPLX
t0 = 8.0*MB;
#else
t0 = 2.0*MB;
#endif
t0 *= NB;
t0 *= KB;
t1 = ATL_nkflop * 1000.0;
reps = t1 / t0;
#else
reps = REPS * ( (40.0/MB) * (40.0/NB) * (40.0/KB) );
#ifdef TCPLX
reps /= 4;
#endif
#endif
if (reps < 1) reps = 1;
incA = incB = incC = nmov = 0;
#ifdef MoveA
incA = lda*nA;
nmov++;
#else
va = malloc(128+ATL_sizeof*lda*nA);
assert(va);
a = A = (void*) ( 128 + ((((size_t)va)>>7)<<7) );
stA = A + (lda*nA SHIFT);
#endif
#ifdef MoveB
incB = ldb*nB;
nmov++;
#else
vb = malloc(128+ATL_sizeof*ldb*nB);
assert(vb);
b = B = (void*) ( 128 + ((((size_t)vb)>>7)<<7) );
stB = B + (ldb*nB SHIFT);
#endif
#ifdef MoveC
assert(ldc == MB);
incC = ldc*NB;
nmov++;
#else
vc = malloc(128+ATL_sizeof*ldc*NB);
assert(vc);
c = C = (void*) ( 128 + ((((size_t)vc)>>7)<<7) );
stC = C + (ldc * NB SHIFT);
#endif
/* sprintf(fnam, "res/%s", Mstr(NBmm)); */
if (fnam0) strcpy(fnam, fnam0);
else
sprintf(fnam, "res/%c%smm%s%s%d_%dx%dx%d_%dx%dx%d_%dx%dx%d%s%s_%dx%d_%d",
PRE, Mstr(LOOPO), Mstr(TA), Mstr(TB), NB, MB0, NB0, KB0,
LDA, LDB, LDC, MU, NU, KU, Mstr(ALPHAnam), Mstr(BETAnam),
MULADD, LAT, CLEANUP);
fpout = fopen(fnam, "w");
if (nmov != 0) /* need to allocate space */
{
len = (1.2*L2SIZE) / ATL_sizeof;
/* total moving length */
i = Mmin(incA, MB*KB) + Mmin(incB, NB*KB) + Mmin(incC, MB*NB);
j = (len+i-1) / i; /* number of reps to cause flush */
len = (incA+incB+incC) * j;
vp = malloc(128+len*ATL_sizeof);
assert(vp);
#ifdef TCPLX
inca = incA;
incb = incB;
incc = incC;
incA *= 2;
incB *= 2;
incC *= 2;
#endif
a = (void*) ( 128 + ((((size_t)vp)>>7)<<7) );
if (incA)
{
A = a;
stA = a + incA * j;
}
if (incB)
{
b = B = a + j * incA;
stB = b + j * incB;
if (incC)
{
c = C = stB;
stC = C + j * incC;
}
}
else if (incC)
{
c = C = a + j * incA;
stC = C + j * incC;
}
a = A;
}
#ifdef TCPLX
else
{
inca = incA;
incb = incB;
incc = incC;
incA *= 2;
incB *= 2;
incC *= 2;
}
#endif
while (a != stA) *a++ = dumb_rand(); a = A;
while (b != stB) *b++ = dumb_rand(); b = B;
while (c != stC) *c++ = 0.0; c = C;
for (i=0; i != 3; i++)
{
#define KEEPON
#ifdef KEEPON
i--;
#endif
t0 = time00();
for (k=reps; k; k--)
{
NBmm(MB, NB, KB, alpha, a, lda, b, ldb, beta, c, ldc);
#ifdef MoveA
a += incA;
if (a == stA) a = A;
#endif
#ifdef MoveB
b += incB;
if (b == stB) b = B;
#endif
#ifdef MoveC
c += incC;
if (c == stC)
{
c = C;
#ifdef TREAL
if (beta != 0.0) beta = 1.0 / beta;
if (alpha != 0.0) alpha = -alpha;
#else
if (*beta != 0.0) *beta = 1.0 / (*beta);
if (*alpha != 0.0) *alpha = -(*alpha);
#endif
}
#else
#ifdef TREAL
if (beta != 0.0) beta = 1.0 / beta;
if (alpha != 0.0) alpha = -alpha;
#else
if (*beta != 0.0) *beta = 1.0 / (*beta);
if (*alpha != 0.0) *alpha = -(*alpha);
#endif
#endif
}
t1 = time00() - t0;
mflop = ( (((2.0*MB)*NB)*KB)*reps ) / (t1 * 1000000.0);
#ifdef TCPLX
mflop *= 4.0;
#endif
fprintf(stderr, "%cNB=%d, ld=%d,%d,%d, mu=%d, nu=%d, ku=%d, lat=%d: time=%.3f, mflop=%.2f\n",
PRE, NB, lda, ldb, ldc, MU, NU, KU, LAT, t1, mflop);
fprintf(fpout, "%lf\n",mflop);
}
fclose(fpout);
if (vp) free(vp);
if (va) free(va);
if (vb) free(vb);
if (vc) free(vc);
}
main(int nargs, char **args)
{
char *fnam;
if (nargs > 1) fnam = args[1];
else fnam = NULL;
time_mm(fnam);
exit(0);
}